Out‐of‐Plane Strain Induced in a Moiré Superstructure of Monolayer MoS2 and MoSe2 on Au(111)

Making contact of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with a metal surface is essential for fabricating and designing electronic devices and catalytic systems. It also generates strain in the TMDCs that plays significant role in both electronic and phonon structures. Therefore, detailed understanding of mechanism of the strain generation is important to fully comprehend the modulation effect for the electronic and phonon properties. Here, MoS₂ and MoSe₂ monolayers are grown on Au surface by chemical vapor deposition and it is demonstrated that the contact with a crystalline Au(111) surface gives rise to only out‐of‐plane strain in both MoS₂ and MoSe₂ layers, whereas no strain generation is observed on polycrystalline Au or SiO₂/Si surfaces. Scanning tunneling microscopy analysis provides information regarding consequent specific adsorption sites between lower S (Se) atoms in the S? Mo? S (Se? Mo? Se) structure and Au atoms via unique moiré superstructure formation for MoS₂ and MoSe₂ layers on Au(111). This observation indicates that the specific adsorption sites give rise to out‐of‐plane strain in the TMDC layers. Furthermore, it also leads to effective modulation of the electronic structure of the MoS₂ or MoSe₂ layer.     

Highly efficient wideband continuum generation in a single-mode optical fiber by powerful broadband laser pumping

By pumping a single-mode optical fiber with a powerful broadband nonselective dye laser, we obtain a high-efficiency wideband continuum (530-930 nm) with nonlinear conversion efficiency exceeding 90%. Experimental conditions for a coherent regime of broadband stimulated Raman scattering are created, which in combination with the broadband self-phase modulation and the four-photon parametric processes leads to a spectral broadening and to the continuum formation. The influence of the pump laser spectral linewidth on the nonlinear conversion efficiency is analyzed and investigated by comparative experiments at narrow-band and broadband laser excitations.     

NMR study of quaternary superconductor RM2B2C (R = Y,La, Th,and M = Ni,Pd, Pt)

¹⁹⁵Pt-,¹³⁹La- and¹¹B-NMR have been investigated in quaternary RM₂B₂C (R=Y, La, Th and M=Ni, Pd, Pt). The electric quadrupole frequency of¹³⁹La changes more than 5 times in magnitude from M=Ni to Pt, indicating that the hybridization of La-5d and d-electrons of M-element changes largely. The analysis of¹¹B and¹³⁹La spectra shows also the large change of the magnetic anisotropy with R and M element, i.e., _{II c}>_{II ab} in LaNi₂B₂C, but _{II c}>_{II ab} YNi₂B₂C.The data of T₁T and K of¹⁹⁵Pt and¹¹B are consistent with the band effects and with no evidence of strong antiferromagnetic correlation effects.     

Survey of actual viewing conditions at home and appropriate luminance of LCD‐TV screens

Abstract— To understand actual viewing conditions at home is important for TV design. And the preferred luminance level of LCD TVs under actual viewing conditions is also important in order to obtain both good picture quality and low power consumption. The actual viewing conditions of households and the preferred luminance levels was investigated. In a field test of 83 households, the display luminance, screen illuminance, and viewing locations were measured on site. In laboratory experiments, young and elderly subjects adjusted the luminance of an LCD‐TV screen to their preferred levels under different screen illuminance levels, angular screen sizes, and average luminance levels (ALL) of the images. As a result, two equations, which represent the preferred luminance level of LCD‐TV screens corresponding to different viewing conditions for young and elderly subjects were obtained. When the ALL of the images was 25% and the screen illuminance and angular screen size were set at 100 lx and 20°, respectively, the preferred luminance was 1 60 cd/m² for the young subjects and 248 cd/m² for the elderly subjects. By using the setting of the preferred luminance of an LCD TV under actual viewing conditions, it is possible to conserve energy consumption.     

Iterative Path Integral Approach to Nonlinear Stochastic Optimal Control Under Compound Poisson Noise

Nonlinear stochastic optimal control theory has played an important role in many fields. In this theory, uncertainties of dynamics have usually been represented by Brownian motion, which is Gaussian white noise. However, there are many stochastic phenomena whose probability density has a long tail, which suggests the necessity to study the effect of non‐Gaussianity. This paper employs Lévy processes, which cause outliers with a significantly higher probability than Brownian motion, to describe such uncertainties. In general, the optimal control law is obtained by solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. This paper shows that the path‐integral approach combined with the policy iteration method is efficiently applicable to solve the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation in the Lévy problem setting. Finally, numerical simulations illustrate the usefulness of this method.     

A reconstruction algorithm from truncated projections

A new tomographic reconstruction method is proposed which permits the reconstruction of a region of interest within a slice from partially truncated scanning data. This method utilizes two types of source data, namely a series of truncated projections and the outline of the object's cross section. The principle of this algorithm is to estimate the outside area of truncation in one projection from the projection data of the other viewing angles and the outline data of the object. The above estimation is accomplished by following two repeated procedures: 1) the modification of the calculated projection data compared each time with the already measured projection data of the truncated area, and 2) the modification of the reconstructed image compared also each time with the shape of the object. Computer simulation shows the convergence of the results obtained by this algorithm thus verifying its validity, and a reconstructed image after iterative processes exhibits good quality.     

Significant prognostic factors in breast cancer of Japanese women: special reference to nuclear grade and sinus histiocytosis

Progress of psychotherapy and of related behaviour sciences makes evident the importance of a better understanding of human relations. But psychoanalysis finds it hard to describe interpersonal processes without transference. In order to remain within the conceptional frame of metapsychology it has to see interaction between individuals as the oral, aggressive or sexual cathexis of an object or as satisfaction or denial of the subject by the object. The structure of the "ego", which--in analogy to medical thinking--is conceived as an organ with its functions, is considered to have no interpersonal activities. The "ego" of the classic psychoanalytic theory is chiefly occupied with itself. It has to care for its egoistical interests and to guarantee its self-preservation. As an auxiliary and meanwhile popular concept the "self" has been introduced to describe object-relations. This concept is not sharply defined. Due to its metapsychological implications it produces additional theoretical difficulties. Linguistic studies show that every inventory of words implies a certain insight into reality. For this reason the metapsychological machine-like concept of psychic structures does not permit new ideas about interpersonal relations. If we leave metapsychology and base on colloquial speech we see that the experience of "I" is much more related to persons than the rather autistic concept of the "ego" shows. Further we learn that self-preservation cannot be an egoistical interest; it depends on the attachment to others. All feelings of self-esteem depend much more on interpersonal relations than on "narcissistic regulations". From these experiences three conclusions are derived: a) One of the main qualities of the ego is the relatedness to persons. b) The concept of narcissistic regulation as a successor of primary narcissism is no longer useful. Narcissistic traits develop as the secundary compensations if the individual failed to build up satisfactory interpersonal relations. c) The revision of (a) ego-psychology and (b) theory of narcissism asks for modifications of the therapeutic technique, where now the interest is especially concentrated on interpersonal problems instead on the pathology of the ego.     

Substrate effect on the temperature coefficient of resistance of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films prepared by metal organic deposition

Epitaxial La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (LCMO) thin films were successfully prepared by the metal-organic deposition process on various (001) single-crystal substrates: MgO, LaAlO₃ (LAO), SrTiO₃ (STO), and (LaAlO₃)_0.3-(SrAlTaO₆)_0.7 (LSAT). The crystallinity and the epitaxial growth of the LCMO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (θ − 2θ scans and pole-figure analysis). The temperature dependence of the resistance of the LCMO/LSAT, LCMO/STO and LCMO/LAO films exhibit typical characteristics with a transition from the paramagnetic-insulator state to the ferromagnetic-metallic state at a temperature peak (T _p ) ranging from 258 to 270 K. However, the LCMO/MgO films exhibited a semiconducting behavior without any transition. Based on the R(T) measurement, we calculated the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) for a bolometric application and we obtained 22%/K, 10.2%/K and 27.5%/K for the film grown on the LSAT, STO and LAO substrates, respectively. This difference in the TCR properties is related to the strain induced by the lattice mismatch between LCMO and the different substrates.     

Classification of amorphous-silicon microstructures by structural parameters: molecular dynamics study

Amorphous silicon is the most popular material in the field of semiconductors. However, little is known about its microstructures. To understand the dependence of these microstructures on the fabrication process and on structural relaxation, amorphous silicon samples fabricated by various simulated processes are classified according to structural parameters within the molecular dynamics method.

The results show that the amorphous structures fabricated by the melt-quench method have many odd-membered rings and large bond-angle deviation. The structures fabricated by the molecular-beam epitaxy method involve fewer floating bonds, smaller bond-angle deviations, and fewer six-membered rings in comparison with the melt-quenched structure. Through long-term annealing, both structures are transformed to the most stable structure as described by the Tersoff potential. It is also found that the continuous random network structure does not meet the Tersoff potential. Verification of the results through first-principle calculations shows that well-relaxed amorphous structure can be described by classical molecular dynamics despite the slightly large number of the floating bond and the overestimation of amorphous-phase energy.